Iindaba-Ibalwa Njani Intloko Yempompo?

Uyibala njani iNtloko yeMpompo?

Kwindima yethu ebalulekileyo njengabavelisi bempompo ye-hydraulic, siyayazi inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha impompo efanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile. Injongo yale nqaku yokuqala kukuqalisa ukukhanyisa inani elikhulu lezibonakaliso zobugcisa ngaphakathi kwendawo yempompo ye-hydraulic, ngokuqala ngeparameter "intloko yepompo".

Yintoni iNtloko yeMpompo?

Intloko yepompo, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yintloko epheleleyo okanye intloko eguqukayo iyonke (TDH), imele amandla ewonke anikezelwe kulwelo ngempompo. Ilinganisa udibaniso lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla e-kinetic apho impompo idlulisela kumanzi njengoko ihamba ngenkqubo.Ngokufutshane, sinokuchaza intloko njengokuphakama kokuphakama okuphezulu apho ipompo ikwazi ukudlulisela kwi-fluid fluid. Umzekelo ocacileyo ngowombhobho othe nkqo onyuka ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuhambisa. Ulwelo luyakumpontshelwa phantsi kombhobho ngeemitha ezi-5 ukusuka kwindawo yokukhupha ngempompo enentloko yeemitha ezi-5. Intloko yempompo ihambelana ngokungafaniyo nesantya sokuhamba. Ukuphakama kwesantya sokuhamba kwempompo, intloko iphantsi. Ukuqonda intloko yempompo kubalulekile kuba inceda iinjineli ukuba zivavanye ukusebenza kwempompo, zikhethe impompo efanelekileyo kwisicelo esinikiweyo, kunye nokuyila iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuthutha ulwelo.

Amalungu eNtloko yeMpompo

Ukuqonda izibalo zentloko yempompo, kubalulekile ukwahlula amacandelo anegalelo kwintloko epheleleyo:

Intloko engatshintshiyo (Hs): Intloko engatshintshiyo ngumgama othe nkqo phakathi kwempompo yokufunxa kunye neendawo zokukhupha. Inika ingxelo yokutshintsha kwamandla okunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuphakama. Ukuba indawo yokukhupha iphezulu kunendawo yokufunxa, intloko engatshintshiyo ilungile, kwaye ukuba isezantsi, intloko emileyo ayinayo.

Intloko yesantya (Hv): Intloko yesantya ngamandla e-kinetic anikezelwe kulwelo njengoko luhamba ngemibhobho. Kuxhomekeke kwisantya solwelo kwaye kubalwa kusetyenziswa i-equation:

Hv=V^2/2g

Apho:

Hv= Intloko yesantya (iimitha)
V= Isantya solwelo (m/s)
g= Isantya ngenxa yomxhuzulane (9.81 m/s²)

Intloko yoxinzelelo (Hp): Intloko yoxinzelelo imele amandla afakwe kwi-fluid yimpompo ukunqoba ilahleko yoxinzelelo kwinkqubo. Inokubalwa kusetyenziswa i-equation kaBernoulli:

Hp=Pd−Ps/ρg

Apho:

Hp= Intloko yoxinzelelo (iimitha)
Pd= Uxinzelelo kwindawo yokukhupha (Pa)
Ps= Uxinzelelo kwindawo yokufunxa (Pa)
ρ= Ukuxinana kolwelo (kg/m³)
g= Isantya ngenxa yomxhuzulane (9.81 m/s²)

I-Friction Head (Hf): Intloko yefriction ibala ilahleko yamandla ngenxa yokungqubana kwemibhobho kunye nokufakwa kwinkqubo. Inokubalwa kusetyenziswa i-equation kaDarcy-Weisbach:

Hf=fLQ^2/D^2g

Apho:

Hf= Intloko yefriction (iimitha)
f= Darcy friction factor (ayinamda)
L= Ubude bombhobho (imitha)
Q= Umyinge wokuhamba (m³/s)
D= Ububanzi bombhobho (imitha)
g= Isantya ngenxa yomxhuzulane (9.81 m/s²)

Itotali yoLingano lweNtloko

Intloko iyonke (H) yenkqubo yempompo sisimbuku sawo onke la malungu:

H=Hs+Hv+Hp+Hf

Ukuqonda le equation kuvumela iinjineli ukuba zenze iinkqubo zempompo ezisebenzayo ngokuqwalasela izinto ezifana nezinga lokuhamba elifunekayo, imilinganiselo yemibhobho, ukungafani kokuphakama, kunye neemfuno zoxinzelelo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezibalo zePump Head

Ukukhethwa kwempompo: Iinjineli zisebenzisa izibalo zentloko yempompo ukukhetha impompo efanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile. Ngokumisela intloko epheleleyo efunekayo, banokukhetha ipompo enokuthi ihlangabezane nezi mfuno ngokufanelekileyo.

Uyilo lweNkqubo: Ubalo lwentloko yepompo lubalulekile ekuyileni iinkqubo zothutho lwamanzi. Iinjineli zinobungakanani bemibhobho kwaye zikhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa ilahleko yokungqubana kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Ukuqonda intloko yempompo kunceda ekwenzeni umsebenzi wempompo usebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla. Ngokunciphisa intloko engeyomfuneko, iinjineli zinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza.

ULondolozo kunye nokuJonga iNgxaki: Ukubeka iliso kwintloko yempompo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunokunceda ukufumanisa utshintsho kwindlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo, ebonisa imfuno yokugcinwa okanye iingxaki zokusombulula iingxaki ezifana nokuvala okanye ukuvuza.

Umzekelo wokubala: Ukumisela iNtloko yeMpompa iyonke

Ukubonisa ingqikelelo yokubala kwentloko yempompo, makhe siqwalasele imeko eyenziwe lula ebandakanya impompo yamanzi esetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela. Kule meko, sifuna ukumisela intloko yempompo epheleleyo efunekayo ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okusebenzayo ukusuka kwidama ukuya ebaleni.

Iiparamitha ezinikiweyo:

Umahluko woNyulo (ΔH): Umgama othe nkqo ukusuka kwinqanaba lamanzi kwidama ukuya kwindawo ephezulu kwindawo yokunkcenkceshela yi-20 yeemitha.

Ilahleko yeNtloko yeFrictional (hf): Ilahleko ekhuphisanayo ngenxa yemibhobho, izifakelo, kunye namanye amacandelo kwisistim isixa-mali seemitha ezi-5.

Intloko yesantya (hv): Ukugcina ukuhamba okuzinzileyo, intloko ethile yesantya seemitha ezi-2 iyafuneka.

Intloko yoxinzelelo (hp): Intloko yoxinzelelo olongezelelweyo, njengokunqoba umlawuli woxinzelelo, ziimitha ezi-3.

Ukubala:

Itotali yentloko yempompo (H) efunekayo ingabalwa ngokusebenzisa le nxaki ilandelayo:

INtloko yeMpompa iyonke (H) = Umahluko wokuPhakamisa / iNtloko eStatic (ΔH)/(hs) + Ilahleko yeNtloko yeFrictional (hf) + Intloko yeVelocity (hv) + Intloko yoxinzelelo (hp)

H = 20 iimitha + 5 iimitha + 2 iimitha + 3 iimitha

H = 30 iimitha

Kulo mzekelo, intloko yempompo epheleleyo efunekayo kwinkqubo yokunkcenkceshela iimitha ezingama-30. Oku kuthetha ukuba impompo kufuneka ikwazi ukunika amandla okwaneleyo ukuphakamisa amanzi ngeemitha ezingama-20 ngokuthe nkqo, ukoyisa ilahleko yokungqubana, ukugcina isantya esithile, kunye nokubonelela ngoxinzelelo olongezelelweyo njengoko kufuneka.

Ukuqonda kunye nokubala ngokuchanekileyo intloko yempompo iyonke kubalulekile ekukhetheni impompo yobungakanani obufanelekileyo ukufezekisa umlinganiselo ofunekayo wokuhamba kwintloko elinganayo.

Ndingawufumana phi umfanekiso wentloko yempompo?

Isalathisi sentloko yepompo sikhoyo kwaye sinokufumaneka kwiamaphepha edathayazo zonke iimveliso zethu eziphambili. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nedatha yezobuchwepheshe yeepompo zethu, nceda uqhagamshelane neqela lobugcisa kunye neqela lokuthengisa.

Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-02-2024