Intshayelelo
Kwisahluko esidlulileyo kuboniswe ukuba iimeko zemathematika ezichanekileyo zemikhosi eyenziwa ngamanzi ekuphumleni inokufumaneka ngokulula.Oku kungenxa yokuba kwi-hydrostatic kuphela amandla oxinzelelo olula abandakanyekayo.Xa i-fluid in motion iqwalaselwa, ingxaki yokuhlalutya ngokukhawuleza iba nzima kakhulu.Akukhona nje ubukhulu be-particle velocity kunye nolwalathiso oluya kuthathelwa ingqalelo, kodwa kukho impembelelo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-viscosity eyenza i-shear okanye i-frictional stress phakathi kwamasuntswana olwelo oluhambayo kunye nakwimida equlathe imida.Intshukumo enxulumeneyo enokwenzeka phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wolwelo kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-chear luhluke kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye ngokweemeko zokuhamba.Ngenxa yobunzima obunxulunyaniswa nenkqubo yokuhamba, uhlalutyo lwemathematika oluchanekileyo lunokwenzeka kuphela kwizinto ezimbalwa, kwaye ngokombono wobunjineli, ezinye izinto ezingenakwenzeka, iimeko.Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukusombulula iingxaki zokuhamba mhlawumbi ngovavanyo, okanye ngokwenza iingqikelelo ezithile ezilula ngokwaneleyo ukufumana isisombululo sethiyori.Ezi ndlela zimbini azikhethi cala, kuba imithetho esisiseko ye-mechanics isoloko isemthethweni kwaye yenza ukuba iindlela zethiyori ezingaphelelanga zamkelwe kwiimeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ngomfuniselo ubungakanani bokutenxa kwiimeko eziyinyani ezisisiphumo sohlalutyo olwenziwe lula.
Eyona ngqikelelo ixhaphakileyo yokwenza lula kukuba ulwelo lufanelekile okanye lugqibelele, ngaloo ndlela luphelisa imiphumo enzima ye-viscous.Esi sisiseko se-classical hydrodynamics, isebe lemathematika esetyenziswayo elifumene ingqwalasela kubaphengululi ababalaseleyo abafana noStokes, uRayleigh, uRankine, uKelvin kunye neMvana.Kukho imida enzulu yendalo kwithiyori yakudala, kodwa njengoko amanzi ene-viscosity ephantsi, aziphatha njengolwelo lokwenyani kwiimeko ezininzi.Ngesi sizathu, i-classical hydrodynamics inokuthathwa njengeyona mvelaphi ibaluleke kakhulu kuphononongo lweempawu zokushukuma kwamanzi.Isahluko sangoku sinento yokwenza nesiseko sentshukumo yolwelo kwaye sisebenza njengentshayelelo esisiseko kwizahluko eziphumelelayo ezijongene neengxaki ezithe ngqo ekuhlangatyenwe nazo kubunjineli bobuchwephesha behydraulic.Ii-equations ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezisisiseko zentshukumo yolwelo ezizezi, ukuqhubekeka, iBernoulli, kunye nesantya seequations zithathwa kwaye nokubaluleka kwazo kucacisiwe.Kamva, ukulinganiselwa kwi-theory ye-classical kuqwalaselwa kunye nokuziphatha kwe-fluid yangempela echazwe.
Iintlobo zokuhamba
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokushukuma kwamanzi zingahlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1.Isiphithiphithi kunye ne-laminar
2.Ukujikeleza kunye nokujikeleza
3.Izinzile kwaye ayizinzanga
4.Uniform kunye non-uniform.
Impompo yaManzi angaphantsi kwamanzi
Iimpompo ze-MVS eziqukuqelayo ze-axial-flow iimpompo ze-AVS ezixubeneyo (i-Vertical Axial flow kunye neMixed flow submersible sewage pump) ziimveliso zale mihla eziyilwe ngempumelelo ngendlela yokwamkela itekhnoloji yala maxesha yangaphandle.Umthamo weempompo ezintsha zikhulu ngama-20% kunezindala.Ukusebenza kakuhle yi-3 ~ 5% ephezulu kuneyakudala.
Isiphithiphithi kunye ne-laminar flow.
La magama achaza ubume bomzimba bokuhamba.
Kwisiphithiphithi sokuhamba, ukuqhubela phambili kwamasuntswana olwelo aluqhelekanga kwaye kukho utshintshiselwano olubonakala lungenabungozi.Izantya zeevesi ukuze isindululo sibe ne-eddying kwaye sinesono kunokuba sibe si-rectilinear.Ukuba idayi ifakwe kwindawo ethile, iya kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kuwo wonke umjelo wokuhamba.Kwimeko yokuqukuqela kwesiphithiphithi kumbhobho, umzekelo, ukurekhodwa okukhawulezileyo kwesantya kwicandelo kuya kubonisa ukusasazwa okuqikelelweyo njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1(a).Isantya esizingileyo, njengoko siya kubhalwa zizixhobo zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo, sibonakaliswe kulwandlalo olunamachaphaza, kwaye kuyabonakala ukuba umqukuqelo osisidubedube ubonakala ngesantya esiguquguqukayo esingazinzanga esibekwe ngaphezulu kwintsingiselo yethutyana ezinzileyo.
Umzobo.1(a) Ukuqukuqela kwesiphithiphithi
Umzobo.1(b) Ukuhamba kweLaminar
Kumpompozo we-laminar onke amasuntswana olwelo aqhubeka ngeendlela ezinxuseneyo kwaye akukho nxalenye inqamlezayo yesantya.Ukuqhubela phambili okucwangcisiweyo kufana nokuba i-particle nganye ilandela ngokuthe ngqo indlela ye-particle eyandulelayo ngaphandle kokuphambuka.Ngaloo ndlela i-filament encinci yedayi iya kuhlala injalo ngaphandle kokusasazwa.Kukho i-gradient yesantya esiphezulu esinqamlezileyo kwi-laminar flow (Fig.1b) kune-turbulent flow.Umzekelo, kumbhobho, umlinganiselo we-Velocity ye-V kunye ne-V max ephezulu yi-0,5 kunye nokuhamba kwe-turbulent kunye ne-0. ,05 kunye nokuhamba kwe-laminar.
Ukuhamba kweLaminar kunxulunyaniswa nezantya ezisezantsi kunye ne-viscous sluggish fluids.Kwimibhobho kunye ne-open-channel hydraulics, isantya sihlala siphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi, nangona umaleko welaminar obhityileyo uzingisa kufutshane nomda oqinileyo.Imithetho yokuhamba kwe-laminar iqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezilula zomda ukuhanjiswa kwesantya kunokuhlalutywa ngokwemathematika.Ngenxa yobume bayo bokuphefumla okungaqhelekanga, ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi kuluchasile unyango lwemathematika olungqongqo, kunye nesisombululo seengxaki ezisebenzayo, kuyafuneka ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kubudlelwane obunobungqina okanye obungenasiphelo.
Impompo yoMlilo yeTurbine ethe nkqo
Inombolo yomzekelo: XBC-VTP
XBC-VTP Series nkqo iimpompo zokulwa umlilo kwishaft elide ziluthotho lweqonga elinye, iimpompo diffusers multistage, eveliswe ngokuhambelana yamva nje Standard Standard GB6245-2006.Sikwaphucule uyilo ngokubhekisele kumgangatho we-United States Fire Protection Association.Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukubonelela ngamanzi omlilo kwi-petrochemical, igesi yendalo, iplanti yamandla, i-cotton textile, i-wharf, i-aviation, i-warehousing, isakhiwo esiphakamileyo kunye namanye amashishini.Isenokuthi isebenze kwinqanawa, itanki yolwandle, inqanawa yomlilo kunye nezinye izihlandlo zokubonelela.
Ukuhamba okujikelezayo kunye nokujikeleza.
Ukuhamba kuthiwa kuyajikeleza ukuba iqhekeza ngalinye le-fluid line-angular velocity malunga neziko lalo lobunzima.
Umzobo 2a ubonisa usasazo oluqhelekileyo lwesantya olunxulunyaniswa nokuhamba kwesiphithiphithi esidlula kumda othe ngqo.Ngenxa yokusasazwa kwesantya esingafaniyo, isuntswana elinamazembe ayo amabini ekuqaleni i-perpendicular ine-deformation kunye neqondo elincinci lokujikeleza.KuMzobo 2a, ukuhamba kwisetyhula
Umendo ubonisiwe, kunye nesantya ngokuthe ngqo ngokwerediyasi.Ii-axes ezimbini ze-particle zijikeleza kwicala elifanayo ukuze ukuhamba kuphinde kujikeleze.
Fig.2(a) Ukujikeleza okujikelezayo
Ukuze ukuhamba kube yi-irrotational, ukuhanjiswa kwesantya esikufutshane nomda ochanekileyo kufuneka kube yinto efanayo (Fig.2b).Kwimeko yokuhamba kwindlela ejikelezayo, kunokuboniswa ukuba ukuhamba okujikelezayo kuya kuhambelana kuphela ngaphandle kokuba isantya sichasene ngokungafaniyo neradiyasi.Ukusuka kumbono wokuqala kuMzobo 3, oku kubonakala kuyimpazamo, kodwa uviwo olusondeleyo lubonisa ukuba ii-axes ezimbini zijikeleza kwicala elichaseneyo ukuze kubekho imbuyekezo yesiphumo esivelisa ukuqhelaniswa okuqhelekileyo kwee-axes ezingatshintshiyo ukusuka kwimeko yokuqala.
Umzobo.2(b) Ukuqukuqela okujikelezayo
Ngenxa yokuba lonke ulwelo lune-viscosity, ukuphantsi kolwelo lokwenyani akukhe kurhawuzeze ngokwenene, kwaye ukuhamba kwe-laminar ngokuqinisekileyo kujikeleza kakhulu.Ngaloo ndlela ukuhamba okujikelezayo yimeko yoqikelelo ebiya kuba nomdla kwizifundo kuphela ukuba bekungengenxa yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi zokuqukuqela kwesiphithiphithi iimpawu ezijikelezayo azibalulekanga kangangokuba zinokungahoywa.Oku kulungele ngenxa yokuba kuyenzeka ukuhlalutya ukuhamba kwe-irrotational ngokusebenzisa iikhonsepthi zemathematika ze-classical hydrodynamics ekubhekiselwe kuzo ngaphambili.
Impompo yokuSinga amanzi oLwandle lwase-Centrifugal
Inombolo yomzekelo:ASN ASNV
Iimpompo zemodeli ye-ASN kunye ne-ASNV zinenqanaba elinye lokufunxa kabini ukwahlula iimpompo ze-volute casing centrifugal kwaye zisetyenzisiwe okanye ukuthuthwa kolwelo kwimisebenzi yamanzi, ukujikeleza komoya-moya, ukwakhiwa, ukunkcenkceshela, isikhululo sokumpompa amanzi, isikhululo samandla ombane, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi kwimizi mveliso, ukulwa nomlilo. inkqubo, inqanawa, isakhiwo njalo njalo.
Ukuqukuqela okuzinzileyo nokungazinzanga.
Ukuhamba kuthiwa kuzinzile xa iimeko nakweyiphi na indawo zihlala zihambelana nexesha.Ukutolikwa okungqongqo kwale nkcazo kuya kukhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba umqukuqelo osisidubedube awuzange uzinze ngokwenene.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenjongo yangoku kulungele ukuthatha intshukumo yolwelo jikelele njengenqobo kunye noguquko oluguquguqukayo olunxulumene nesiphithiphithi njengempembelelo yesibini kuphela.Umzekelo ocacileyo wokuhamba ngokuzinzile kukukhutshwa rhoqo kwi-conduit okanye umjelo ovulekileyo.
Njengomgqibelo kulandela ukuba ukuhamba akuzinzanga xa iimeko zihluka ngokumalunga nexesha.Umzekelo wokuqukuqela okungazinzanga kukukhutshelwa okuguquguqukayo kumjelo okanye umjelo ovulekileyo;oku kudla ngokuba yinto edlulayo elandelelanayo, okanye elandelwa kukukhutshwa okuzingileyo.Okunye okuqhelekileyo
imizekelo yendalo yamaxesha athile kukushukuma kwamaza kunye nentshukumo yomjikelo wamanzi amaninzi kumsinga wamaza.
Uninzi lweengxaki ezisebenzayo kubunjineli be-hydraulic zijongene nokuhamba okuzinzileyo.Oku kulithamsanqa, kuba ixesha eliguquguqukayo ekuhambeni okungazinzanga lunzima kakhulu uhlalutyo.Ngako oko, kwesi sahluko, ukuqwalaselwa kokuhamba okungazinzanga kuya kuthintelwa kwiimeko ezimbalwa ezilula.Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokuhamba okungazinzanga zinokuncitshiswa kwimo ezinzileyo ngenxa yomgaqo-siseko wentshukumo ehambelanayo.
Ngoko ke, ingxaki ebandakanya inqanawa ehamba emanzini angashukumiyo inokuphinda ibekwe elinye igama ukuze inqanawa ime kwaye namanzi ahambe;ikhrayitheriya ekukuphela kwayo yokufana kokuziphatha kolwelo ukuba isantya esinxulumeneyo siya kufana.Kwakhona, intshukumo yamaza kumanzi anzulu inokuncitshiswa
isimo esizinzileyo ngokucinga ukuba umakhi-mkhanyo uhamba namaza ngesantya esifanayo.
I-injini yedizili ethe nkqo iTurbine yenqanaba le-centrifugal emgqeni weshafti yamanzi Impompo yokukhupha amanzi ilindle okanye amanzi amdaka.Uhlobo lwe-VTP yempompo yokukhupha amanzi ethe nkqo ikwi-VTP yohlobo lweempompo zamanzi ezithe nkqo, kwaye ngesiseko sokwanda kunye nekhola, seta i-tube oil lubrication ngamanzi.Inokutshaya iqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwe-60 °C, ithumele ukuqulatha iinkozo ezithile eziqinileyo (ezifana nentsimbi elahliweyo nesanti ecolekileyo, amalahle, njl.njl.) yamanzi amdaka okanye amdaka.
Ukuqukuqela okulinganayo nokungafaniyo.
Ukuhamba kuthiwa kufana xa kungekho ntlukwano kubukhulu kunye nesalathiso se-vector yesantya ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu ukuya kwelinye ecaleni kwendlela yokuhamba.Ukuthotyelwa kwale nkcazo, zombini indawo yokuhamba kunye nesantya kufuneka zifane kuzo zonke iindawo ezinqamlezileyo.Ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kwenzeka xa i-vector yesantya iguquguquka nendawo, umzekelo oqhelekileyo wokuhamba phakathi kwemida eguquguqukayo okanye eyahlukanayo.
Zombini ezi meko zokuqukuqela ziqhelekile kwii-hydraulics zeshaneli evulekileyo, nangona sithetha ngokungqongqo, kuba ukuhamba ngendlela efanayo kuhlala kujongwa ngokungafaniyo, simeko efanelekileyo ekuqikelelwa kuyo kuphela kwaye engazange ifumaneke.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimeko zihambelana nendawo kunexesha kwaye ngoko ke kwiimeko zokuhamba okuvaliweyo (umz. imibhobho ephantsi koxinzelelo), ayixhomekekanga kwindalo ezinzileyo okanye engazinzanga yokuhamba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2024