seth@tkflow.com 
Inkcazo ngokubanzi
Ulwelo, njengoko igama lithetha, libonakaliswa ngamandla ayo okuphumayo.iight kwisimo esiqinileyo kuba siyingozi ngenxa yoxinzelelo, nangona kuncinci uxinzelelo lube luncinci uxinzelelo. Ekuphela kwenqanaba kukuba ixesha elaneleyo kufuneka liphelise impatho ukuba lenzeke. Ngale ndlela i-fluid ayinamfuzi.
Iityiwa zinokwahlulwa zibe luzilo kunye neegesi. Ulwelo luphawuleka kancinci kwaye kukho indawo yasimahla xa ifakwe kwinqanawa evulekileyo. Kwelinye icala, irhasi ihlala isanda ukugcwalisa isitya sayo. I-vapor yirhasi ekufuphi nendawo yolwelo.
Ulwelo apho injineli ichaphazeleka ikakhulu ngamanzi. Inokuqulatha ukuya kwiipesenti ezintathu zomoya kwisisombululo esikunyanzeliso olufumanekayo kwi-themospheric eliya kukhutshwa. Kuya kufuneka senziwe ngoku xa siyila iimpompo, iivalve, imibhobho, njl. Njl.
I-Diesel i-Injini ye-In Geerist I-Turbine ye-turrifagal inline ye-shaft yokupreyitha impompo ye-pump yokuThumbuka, ingaphantsi kwe-150 mg / l amanzi omthamo okanye amanzi amdaka. I-VTP yohlobo oluthe nkqo lwe-verfage ikwi-vtp yohlobo lwamanzi, kunye nesiseko sonyuso kunye nekhola, setha i-tube ioyile ye-tube ngamanzi. Ungatshaya amaqondo obushushu ngaphantsi kwe-60 ° C, thumela ukuba uqulethe iinkozo ezithile zengqolowa (njenge-scrap kunye nesanti entle, amanzi amdaka okanye amanzi amdaka.
Iipropathi zeflethi zezinto ezibonakalayo zolwelo zichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukuxinana (ρ)
Ukuxinana kwe-fluid kukuqina kwayo kwiqumrhu ngalinye. Kwinkqubo ye-SI ibonakaliswa njenge-kg / m3.
Amanzi akwixesha eliphezulu le-1000 kg / m3nge-4 ° C. Kukho ukwehla kancinci ukungcungcutheka ngokukhulisa ubushushu obukhulayo kodwa ngeenjongo ezisebenzayo ukuxinana kwamanzi yi-1000 kg / m3.
Ukuxinana komlinganiso ngumyinge wobugqi obungaphezulu kolwelo ukuya kuthi ga kumanzi.
Ubunzima obuthile (w)
Ubunzima obuthile be-fluid bubunzima bayo yeyunithi nganye.3. Kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, i-9810 n / m3okanye i-9,81n / m3(malunga ne-10n / m3 ukulungiselela ukubala).
I-gravied (sg)
Ubungakanani obuthile bomlinganiso ngumyinge wobunzima bomthamo onikiweyo wolwelo kubunzima bamanzi afanayo. Ngale ndlela ke ikwangumyinge we-fluid dexight ukuya kwixesha lamanzi acocekileyo, ngokufuthi lonke nge-15 ° C.
Imodeli Hayi: I-TWP
I-TWP ye-TWP ye-Injini ye-Injini ye-Injini ye-injini ye-Injini ye-Permoring Permop ye-Permoges ye-Nualges zidibeneyo ezenziwe yi-Drakos Pump yaseSingapore naseReefloflo yeJamani. Olu ngcelele lwempompo lunokuhambisa zonke iintlobo ze-ofisi ecocekileyo, engathathi hlangothi kunye nezonyango ezinamachaphaza anemigangatho. Sombulula uninzi lweziphoso zemveli zemveli. Olu hlobo lwendlela yokuzivocavoca eyahlukileyo eyomileyo iya kuba uqali-qalisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye uqalise ngaphandle kolwelo ekuqaleni, intloko yokucalula inokuba ngaphezulu kwe-9 m; Uyilo oluhle lwe-hydraulic kunye nolwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lugcina impumelelo ngaphezu kwe-75%. Kwaye ufakelo lwesakhiwo esahlukileyo sokuzithandela.
I-Bulk modyul (k)
okanye iinjongo ezisebenzayo, ulwelo lunokuthathwa njengengacacanga. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezithile, njengokuhamba kokungazinzanga kwimibhobho, apho kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. I-Bulk imodyuli ye-elaistity, i-K, inikwe:
apho i-P kukwanda kwengcinezelo enokuthi, xa isetyenziselwa ivolumu v, ikhokelela ekunciphiseni kwevolumu AV. Ukusukela ukwehla komthamo kufuneka kunxulunyaniswa nokwanda okulinganayo, i-Equation 1 inokubonakaliswa njengo:
okanye amanzi, i-K imalunga ne-2 150 MPA kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Kulandela ukuba amanzi malunga namaxesha ali-100 ngakumbi kunensimbi.
I-fluid efanelekileyo
I-fluid efanelekileyo okanye efezekileyo yenye apho kungekho tyhefu okanye i-shear i-sheard phakathi kwamasuntswana aluhlaza. Amandla ahlala esenza isiqhelo kwicandelo kwaye anqunyelwe kuxinzelelo kunye nemikhosi yokukhawulezisa. AKUKHO BUNGOZI BOKUGQIBELA KUTHANDA NGOKUGQIBELELEYO KULO LOLWAZI, NOKUYA KUZO ZONKE IZIBHENGO NGOKUFUMANEKAYO Kukho uxinzelelo oluthile olunesiphumo esinemiphumo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izidlelo, kubandakanya namanzi, zikufuphi nolwelo olufanelekileyo, kwaye le meko ilula yenza ukuba iindlela zemathematics zenze ukuba iindlela zemathematics okanye zomzobo zimkelwe kwisisombululo seengxaki ezithile zokuhamba.
Impompo yomlilo ye-turbine ethe nkqo
Imodeli Hayi: I-XBC-VTP
I-XBC-vtp Seription ring i-Shaft yoMlilo ye-Shaft yoMlilo ye-Shaft Shamps yinqanaba elinye, i-initistges eyahlukile, yenziwe ngokungqinelana ne-GB6245 ye-GB6245-2006. Sikwaphucule uyilo ngokubhekisele kumgangatho woMbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo wase-United States. Isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi amdaka kwi-petrochemical, igesi yendalo, isityalo sentambo, i-Cotton Teple, inqwelo moya, isakhiwo esiphezulu sokunyuka. Inokufaka inqanawa, itanki yolwandle, inqanawa yomlilo kunye nezinye izihlandlo zonikezo.
I-viscofity
I-viscosity ye-fluid ngumlinganiso wokungaxhathisi kwazo kwi-Traist yoxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo. Iphakama kwintsebenzo kunye nokudibana kweemolekyuli zetyiwa. Zonke ii-fluists zokwenyani zine-viscofity, nangona zisiyahlukanisa iidigri. Uxinzelelo lwe-Shear kwisimo esomeleleyo lilinganayo le nto ilinganayo ngelixa uxinzelelo lwe-shear kwi-fluid lilingane nenqanaba lokucheba.
I-Fig.1. Isiphoso
Cinga ngolwelo phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini ezikumgama omfutshane kakhulu y (umzobo 1). Iplate esezantsi ngelixa ipleyiti ephezulu ihamba kwi-velocity v. Isindululo se-fluid sithathelwa ingqalelo ukuba senze uthotho lweentambo ezinqabileyo okanye i-laminae, simahla ukuya kwenye. Akukho ntyatyambo okanye isiphithiphithi. Umbeki wepleyiti yetikiti uphumle ngelixa ungqimba kwiplate eshukumayo ine-v. Inqanaba lokucheba i-DV / DY. I-viscosity eguqukayo okanye, ngakumbi, i-viscofity μ inikwa
Lo nto:
Eli binzana soxinzelelo lwe-vimous saqala sathunyelwa yiNewton kwaye saziwa njengo-Newton equation. Phantse zonke ii-snaists zinelungelo lokuhlala lingafani kwaye zibizwa ngokuba zii-fluids zeNewtonian.
Umzobo.2. Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nenqanaba lokucheba.
Umzobo 2 ngumzobo wegraphic ye-equation 3 kwaye ubonise indlela yokuziphatha eyahlukileyo yezinyibiliki kunye nolwelo phantsi koxinzelelo.
I-Viscofity ibonakaliswa kwi-cerindips (pa. okanye i-NS / m2).
Kwiingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene nokuhamba kwamanzi, i-viscofity ivela ngokuxinana kwifom μ / P
Ixabiso le-ν ngeoyile enzima inokuba liphezulu njenge-900 x 10-6m2/ s, kanti amanzi, anophawu oluphantsi, luyi-1,14 x 10? Kumaqondo obushushu egumbi, i-vinemity ye-kinematic yomoya imalunga namaxesha ali-13 amanzi.
Uxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye ne-capillay
Phawula:
Umdibaniso ngumtsalane apho iimolekyuli ezifanayo zinemifo).
Unamathembulo ngumtsalane apho iimolekyuli ezingafaniyo zinemifanekiso.
Ingqungquthela yomphezulu yipropathi emnyama eyenza ukuba kubekho impahla yamanzi ukuba ibanjwe kwimpompo, inqanawa igcwaliswe ngaphezulu kwe-rim ngaphezulu komphezulu we-float kumphezulu wolwelo. Zonke ezi phenomena zibangelwa kukudibana phakathi kweemolekyuli kumphezulu wolwelo olwaluvumela olunye ulwelo olungabonakaliyo okanye igesi. Kanye nangona umphezulu oqulathe i-membrane ye-elastic, uxinzelelo olufanayo, olunokuhlala luhlala lunesivumelwano kwindawo ebalaseleyo. Yiyo loo nto sifumanisa ukuba amabhobhable erhasi kwi-rality kunye namaqhinga omswakama emoyeni athabathela kwimilo.
Amandla oxinzelelo oluphezulu kuwo nawuphi na umgca wokucinga kwindawo yasimahla ihambelana nobude bomgca kunye nezenzo ezikwindlela esetyenziswayo kuyo. Ingxwabangxwaba yeyunithi nganye ichazwe kwi-mn / m. Ubungakanani bayo mncinci, malunga ne-73 MN / m ngamanzi ekunxibelelaneni nomoya kubushushu begumbi. Kukho ukwehla kancinci kumphezulu weshumiingeqondo lobushushu esandayo.
Kwizicelo ezininzi kwi-hydraulics, uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lubalulekile kangako ukusukela kwimikhosi ehambelana nayo ayikhathalelwanga ngokuthelekisa nemikhosi ye-hydrostatic kunye namandla. Ingxwabangxwabangxwaba yomhlaba kuphela ukubaluleka apho kukho umphezulu wasimahla kwaye ubukhulu bomda buncinci. Ke ngoko kwimeko yeemodeli ze-hydraulic, iziphumo zempikiswano, engaphantsi kwendlela yokuhamba kwimodeli, kwaye lo mthombo wempazamo ekumnzeni kufuneka uthayisiwe iziphumo.
Iziphumo zoxinzelelo lomzimba zibhengeziwe kakhulu kwimeko yeetyhubhu ze-tubs ezincinci ezivulelekileyo kwimozulu. Oku kunokuthatha uhlobo lweetyhubhu ze-manometer kwilabhoratri okanye ipores evulekileyo emhlabeni. Umzekelo, xa ityhubhu yeglasi encinci ifakwe emanzini, iya kufumanisa ukuba amanzi anyuka ngaphakathi kwityhubhu, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 3.
Umphezulu wamanzi kwityhubhu, okanye iMentiscus njengoko ibizwa, yi-cocave ngaphezulu. I-phenomeno yaziwa ngokuba yiCapillay, kunye nokunxibelelana okungathethekiyo phakathi kwamanzi kunye neglasi kubonisa ukuba umanyano lwangaphakathi lwamanzi lungaphantsi kombindi phakathi kwamanzi kunye neglasi. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphakathi kwetyhubhu obufuphi nendawo yasimahla ingaphantsi kwe-thamospheric.
Umzobo 3. ICapillay
I-Mercury iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 3 (b) .Ukuba amandla okubambisana mkhulu kunemimandla yokunamathela, iMenki yoQhakamshelwano inobuso obuqhelekileyo kwaye ixinezelekile. Uxinzelelo olufuphi nomhlaba wasimahla lungaphezulu kwe-thamosphefic.
Iziphumo zeCapillayy kwi-Manometers kunye neeglasi zeGage zinokuthintelwa ngokuqesha iityhubhu ezingaphantsi kwe-10 mm yobubanzi.
Imodeli Hayi: ASN ASNV
Imodeli ye-ASN kunye ne-ASNV Pumps yenqanaba lokuqhekeka kabini nge-vollerigugal kwaye isetyenziselwe ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, isakhiwo sombane, isakhiwo, inqanawa yokuhambisa amanzi, inqanawa, inqanawa, isakhiwo, njalo njalo.
Uxinzelelo lwe-vapor
Iimolekyuli ezingamanzi ezinazo amandla e-kinetic owoneleyo ziqikelelwe kumzimba ophambili wolwelo kumphezulu wayo wawo kwaye udlulise kwi-vapor. Uxinzelelo olwenziwa ngulo mphunga lwaziwa njengoxinzelelo lwe-vapor, p ,. Ukonyuka kweqondo lobushushu kunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo olukhulu lwemolekyuli kwaye ngenxa yoko ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwe-vapor. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-vapor lulingana noxinzelelo lwegesi ngaphezulu kwayo, i-alwelo. Uxinzelelo lwe-vapor lwamanzi nge-15 ° C yi-1,72 kpa (i-1,72 kn / m2).
Uxinzelelo lwe-otmospheric
Uxinzelelo lwezulu emhlabeni wonke lulinganiswa yi-barometer. Kwinqanaba lolwandle i-themosmospheric uxinzelelo olufumana i-101 KPA kwaye isebenze ngoku. Kukho ukwehla kwengcinezelo ye-themosmostheric nge-aplithitu Ngokomntu, nge-1 500m incitshisiwe ibe yi-88 kpa. Ikholamu yamanzi elingana ne-10,3 m kwinqanaba lolwandle, kwaye ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-barometer yamanzi. Ukuphakama kuyinto ye-hypothetical, kuba uxinzelelo lwe-vapor lwamanzi luya kuthintela i-vacuum epheleleyo. I-Mercury yindawo engaphezulu ye-barometric, kuba inoxinzelelo olungenangqondo olungenangqondo. Kwakhona, uxinzelelo lwayo oluphezulu luphumela kwikholamu yokuphakama okuqinisekileyo -Ngalout 0,75 m kwinqanaba lolwandle.
Njengoko uninzi lweengcinezelo eziqubisana ne-hydraulics zingaphezulu koxinzelelo lwe-themosmosfic kwaye zilinganiswa ngezixhobo ezirekhodiweyo, kuya kuba lula ukuthathela ingqalelo uxinzelelo lwemotathi njenge-datum, okt i-zero. Iingcinezelo ziya kuthi ke zibhekiswe kuxinzelelo lwe-gauge xa ingentla ye-themosmosfic kunye noxinzelelo lwe-vacuum xa ingezantsi. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-zero lokwenyani luthathwe njenge-datum, ooxinzelelo kuthiwa lube ngokupheleleyo. Kwisahluko 5 apho kuxoxwa khona i-NPSh, onke amanani abonakaliswayo kwimibandela epheleleyo ye-barometer, inqanaba le-IESEA = i-0 kwi-BIR GEUGE = I-11 KPA
Ixesha lokuphumla: Mar-20-2024