Inkcazo ngokubanzi
Ulwelo, njengoko negama lisitsho, lubonakala ngokukwazi ukuqukuqela.Iyohluka kwisiqina kuba ichaphazeleka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lokucheba, nokuba luncinci kangakanani uxinzelelo lokucheba.Ekuphela kwenqobo yokugweba kukuba kufuneka kudlule ixesha elaneleyo ukuze kwenzeke uguquko.Ngale ndlela ulwelo alunamilo.
Ulwelo lunokwahlulwa lube lulwelo kunye neegesi.Ulwelo lucinezeleka kancinci kwaye kukho indawo ekhululekileyo xa lubekwe kwisitya esivulekileyo.Kwelinye icala, irhasi ihlala isanda ukuze igcwalise isikhongozeli sayo.Umphunga yigesi ekufutshane nemeko yolwelo.
Ulwelo olujongwe yinjineli ngamandla ngamanzi.Isenokuba neepesenti ezintathu zomoya kwisisombululo apho kuxinzelelo lwe-sub-atmospheric luthanda ukukhululwa.Ubonelelo kufuneka lwenziwe kule nto xa kuyilwa iimpompo, iivalve, iipayipi, njl.
I-injini yedizili ethe nkqo iTurbine yenqanaba le-centrifugal emgqeni weshafti yamanzi Impompo yokukhupha amanzi ilindle okanye amanzi amdaka.Uhlobo lwe-VTP yempompo yokukhupha amanzi ethe nkqo ikwi-VTP yohlobo lweempompo zamanzi ezithe nkqo, kwaye ngesiseko sokwanda kunye nekhola, seta i-tube oil lubrication ngamanzi.Inokutshaya iqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwe-60 °C, ithumele ukuqulatha iinkozo ezithile eziqinileyo (ezifana nentsimbi elahliweyo nesanti ecolekileyo, amalahle, njl.njl.) yamanzi amdaka okanye amdaka.
Iimpawu eziphambili zezakhiwo zolwelo zichazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ubuninzi (ρ)
Ubuninzi bolwelo bubunzima bayo ngokweyunithi yomthamo.Kwinkqubo ye-SI ichazwa njenge-kg/m3.
Amanzi akwiqondo eliphezulu loxinano lwe-1000 kg/m3ku-4°C.Kukho ukuhla okuncinci koxinzelelo kunye nobushushu okwandayo kodwa ngeenjongo eziphathekayo ubuninzi bamanzi yi-1000 kg / m.3.
Uxinaniso olunxulumeneyo lumlinganiselo woxinaniso lolwelo nolo lwamanzi.
Ubunzima obuthile (w)
Ubunzima obuthile bolwelo bubunzima bayo ngokweyunithi umthamo.Kwinkqubo yeSi, ibonakaliswa nge-N/m3.Kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, w ngu-9810 N / m3okanye 9,81 kN/m3(malunga ne-10 kN/m3 lula ukubala).
Umxhuzulane okhethekileyo (SG)
Umxhuzulane okhethekileyo wolwelo ngumlinganiselo wobunzima bomthamo onikiweyo wolwelo kubunzima bomthamo ofanayo wamanzi.Yiyo ke loo nto ikwangumlinganiselo wokuxinana kolwelo kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi acocekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo onke akwi-15°C.
Vacuum yempompo yomthombo wentsusa
Inombolo yomzekelo: TWP
TWP uthotho lwe-Movable Diesel Engine self-priming Well point Iipompo zaManzi ezingxamisekileyo zidityaniswe yiDRAKOS PUMP yaseSingapore kunye neREEOFLO inkampani yaseJamani.Olu luhlu lwempompo lunokuthutha zonke iintlobo zokucoca, ukungathathi hlangothi kunye ne-corrosive medium equkethe amasuntswana.Sombulula iziphene ezininzi zempompo zokuziqala.Olu hlobo impompo self-priming isakhiwo eyomileyo esebenzayo iya kuba uqalo oluzenzekelayo kwaye uqale ngokutsha ngaphandle ulwelo ekuqaleni kokuqala, Intloko yokufunxa inokuba ngaphezu kwe-9 m;Uyilo olugqwesileyo lwe-hydraulic kunye nesakhiwo esikhethekileyo sigcina ukusebenza okuphezulu ngaphezulu kwe-75%.Kunye ufakelo olwahlukileyo lwesakhiwo ngokuzikhethela.
Imodyuli eninzi (k)
okanye iinjongo eziphathekayo, ulwelo lunokuthi luthathwe njengolungenakuthintelwa.Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezithile, ezifana nokuhamba ngokungazinzi kwimibhobho, apho ukunyanzeliswa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.Isambuku semodyuli ye-elasticity,k, inikwa ngu:
apho i-p inyuka yoxinzelelo, xa isetyenziswe kumthamo we-V, ibangela ukuhla komthamo we-AV.Ekubeni ukuhla kwevolumu kufuneka kudibaniswe nokunyuka okulinganayo koxinaniso, i-Equation 1 ingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo:
okanye amanzi,k malunga ne-2 150 MPa kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo.Oku kulandela ukuba amanzi malunga namaxesha angama-100 acinezeleka ngakumbi kunentsimbi.
Ulwelo olufanelekileyo
Ulwelo olufanelekileyo okanye olugqibeleleyo lolo apho kungekho xinzelelo lwe-tangential okanye lokucheba phakathi kwamasuntswana olwelo.Amandla ahlala esebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwicandelo kwaye anqunyelwe kuxinzelelo kunye namandla okukhawuleza.Akukho lulwelo lokwenyani oluhambelana ngokupheleleyo nalo mbono, kwaye kulo lonke ulwelo oluhambayo kukho uxinzelelo olubambekayo olunesiphumo esidambisayo kwisindululo.Nangona kunjalo, olunye ulwelo, kuqukwa namanzi, lukufuphi kulwelo olufanelekileyo, kwaye olu qikelelo lwenziwe lula lwenza ukuba iindlela zemathematika okanye zegraphic zamkelwe kwisisombululo seengxaki ezithile zokuqukuqela.
Impompo yoMlilo yeTurbine ethe nkqo
Inombolo yomzekelo: XBC-VTP
XBC-VTP Series nkqo iimpompo zokulwa umlilo kwishaft elide ziluthotho lweqonga elinye, iimpompo diffusers multistage, eveliswe ngokuhambelana yamva nje Standard Standard GB6245-2006.Sikwaphucule uyilo ngokubhekisele kumgangatho we-United States Fire Protection Association.Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukubonelela ngamanzi omlilo kwi-petrochemical, igesi yendalo, iplanti yamandla, i-cotton textile, i-wharf, i-aviation, i-warehousing, isakhiwo esiphakamileyo kunye namanye amashishini.Isenokuthi isebenze kwinqanawa, itanki yolwandle, inqanawa yomlilo kunye nezinye izihlandlo zokubonelela.
Viscosity
I-viscosity yolwelo ngumlinganiselo wokumelana kwayo noxinzelelo lwe-tangential okanye lokucheba.Ivela ekusebenzisaneni kunye nokubambisana kwee-molecule zamanzi.Lonke ulwelo lokwenyani lunayo i-viscosity, nangona kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.Uxinzelelo lokucheba kwindawo eqinileyo lulingana noxinzelelo ngelixa uxinzelelo lokucheba kulwelo lulingana nesantya soxinzelelo lokucheba kulwelo oluphumlileyo.
Umzobo.1.I-Viscous deformation
Qwalasela ulwelo oluvalelwe phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini ezimi kumgama omfutshane kakhulu ngokuqelelana (Umfanekiso woku-1).Ipleyiti engezantsi imile ngelixa ipleyiti ephezulu ihamba ngesantya v. Intshukumo yolwelo kucingelwa ukuba yenzeke kuthotho lweeleya ezibhityileyo ezingenasiphelo okanye i-laminae, ekhululekile ukutyibilika enye phezu kwenye.Akukho-cross-flow okanye isiphithiphithi.Umaleko omelene nepleyiti emileyo uphumle ngelixa umaleko osecaleni kwepleyiti ehambayo unesantya v.I-viscosity eguqukayo okanye, ngokulula ngakumbi, i-viscosity μ inikwa ngu
Lo nto:
Le ntetho yoxinzelelo lwe-viscous yaqala ukuthunyelwa nguNewton kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yiNewton's equation of viscosity.Phantse zonke iziselo zine-coefficient engaguqukiyo yokulingana kwaye zibizwa ngokuba zii-Newtonian fluids.
Isazobe.2.Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lokucheba kunye nesantya soxinzelelo lokucheba.
Umzobo wesi-2 ngumfanekiso womzobo we-Equation 3 kwaye ubonisa iindlela zokuziphatha ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziqinileyo kunye nolwelo phantsi koxinzelelo lokucheba.
I-Viscosity ibonakaliswe kwi-centipoises (Pa.s okanye Ns / m2).
Kwiingxaki ezininzi malunga nokuhamba kwamanzi, i-viscosity ibonakala kunye nokuxinana kwifom μ/p (i-independent of force) kwaye kulungele ukusebenzisa i-term enye v, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-kinematic viscosity.
Ixabiso lika ν kwioli enzima linokuba phezulu njenge 900 x 10-6m2/s, kanti kumanzi, ane-viscosity ephantsi, yi-1,14 x 10?m2/s kuphela kwi-15 ° C. I-kinematic viscosity yolwelo iyancipha ngokunyuka kobushushu.Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, i-kinematic viscosity yomoya imalunga namaxesha ali-13 kunamanzi.
Uxinzelelo lomphezulu kunye ne-capillarity
Phawula:
Umanyano ngumtsalane apho iimolekyuli ezifanayo zinawo omnye komnye.
Ukuncamathela ngumtsalane apho iimolekyuli ezingafaniyo zinayo enye kwenye.
Ukuxinana komphezulu yipropathi ebonakalayo eyenza ukuba ithontsi lamanzi libanjwe lixhonywe etephuni, inqanawa ukuba izaliswe ngolwelo ngaphezu komphetho kodwa ingachitheki okanye inaliti idada phezu kolwelo.Zonke ezi ziganeko zibangelwa lumanyano phakathi kweeathom kumphezulu wolwelo oludityaniswe nolunye ulwelo olungaxubekiyo okanye igesi.Kufana nokuba umphezulu unenwebu enwebekayo, egxininiswe ngokufanayo, ekholisa ukucutheka kwindawo engaphezulu.Ngaloo ndlela sifumanisa ukuba amaqamza erhasi kulwelo namathontsi okufuma kwiatmosfera amalunga nengqukuva ngobume.
Amandla okuxinana komphezulu kuwo nawuphi na umgca wentelekelelo kumphezulu okhululekileyo ulingana nobude bomgca kwaye usebenza kwicala elithe ngqo kuwo.Uxinzelelo lomphezulu ngobude beyunithi bubonakaliswa nge-mN/m.Ubukhulu bayo buncinci kakhulu, bumalunga ne-73 mN/m yamanzi adibana nomoya kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.Kukho ukuhla okuncinci kumashumi omphezuluiqhubeka ngokunyuka kobushushu.
Kuninzi lwezicelo kwi-hydraulics, ukunyanzeliswa komphezulu akubalulekanga kancinci kuba amandla ahambelanayo aqhelekanga ukuhoywa xa kuthelekiswa ne-hydrostatic kunye ne-dynamic forces.Uxinzelelo lomphezulu lubalulekile kuphela apho kukho indawo ekhululekileyo kwaye imilinganiselo yomda mincinci.Ngaloo ndlela kwimeko yeemodeli ze-hydraulic, iziphumo zokuxinana komphezulu, ezingenasiphumo kwiprototype, zinokuphembelela ukuziphatha okuhambayo kwimodeli, kwaye lo mthombo wephutha ekufaniseni kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo xa utolika iziphumo.
Iziphumo zokuxinana komphezulu zibonakala kakhulu kwimeko yeetyhubhu zamabhobho amancinci avuleleke emoyeni.Ezi zinokuthatha iibhubhu ze-manometer kwi-laboratory okanye zivule iipores emhlabeni.Ngokomzekelo, xa ityhubhu encinci yeglasi ifakwe emanzini, kuya kufunyanwa ukuba amanzi akhuphuka ngaphakathi kwityhubhu, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umphezulu wamanzi kumbhobho, okanye i-meniscus njengoko ibizwa njalo, i-concave phezulu.I-phenomenon yaziwa ngokuba yi-capillarity, kwaye uqhagamshelwano lwe-tangential phakathi kwamanzi kunye neglasi lubonisa ukuba ukudibanisa kwangaphakathi kwamanzi kungaphantsi kokunamathela phakathi kwamanzi kunye neglasi.Uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphakathi kwityhubhu esecaleni kwendawo ekhululekileyo ingaphantsi kwe-atmospheric.
Umzobo 3. I-Capillarity
I-Mercury iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 3 (b) .Njengoko amandla okubambisana makhulu kunamandla okubambelela, i-angle yoqhagamshelwano inkulu kwaye i-meniscus inobuso be-convex emoyeni kwaye icinezelekile.Uxinzelelo olusondeleyo kumphezulu okhululekileyo mkhulu kunomoya.
Imiphumo ye-Capillarity kwii-manometers kunye ne-gauge glasses inokuphetshwa ngokuqesha iibhubhu ezingekho ngaphantsi kwe-10 mm ububanzi.
Impompo yokuSinga amanzi oLwandle lwase-Centrifugal
Inombolo yomzekelo:ASN ASNV
Iimpompo zemodeli ye-ASN kunye ne-ASNV zinenqanaba elinye lokufunxa kabini ukwahlula iimpompo ze-volute casing centrifugal kwaye zisetyenzisiwe okanye ukuthuthwa kolwelo kwimisebenzi yamanzi, ukujikeleza komoya-moya, ukwakhiwa, ukunkcenkceshela, isikhululo sokumpompa amanzi, isikhululo samandla ombane, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi kwimizi mveliso, ukulwa nomlilo. inkqubo, inqanawa, isakhiwo njalo njalo.
Uxinzelelo lomphunga
Iimolekyuli zolwelo ezinegunya elaneleyo le-kinetic ziqikelelwa ngaphandle komzimba ongundoqo wolwelo kumphezulu walo okhululekileyo kwaye zidlulele kumphunga.Uxinzelelo olwenziwa ngulo mphunga lwaziwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lomphunga, P,.Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuhambelana nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kweemolekyuli kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukwanda koxinzelelo lomphunga.Xa uxinzelelo lomphunga lulingana noxinzelelo lwegesi ngaphezu kwayo, ulwelo luyabila.Uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi kwi-15°C yi-1,72 kPa (1,72 kN/m2).
Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric
Uxinzelelo lweatmosfera kumphezulu womhlaba lulinganiswa nge-barometer.Kumgangatho wolwandle uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheri luyi-avareji ye-101 kPa kwaye lubekwe emgangathweni kweli xabiso.Kukho ukuncipha koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kunye nokuphakama;umzekelo, kwi-1 500m ithotywe ibe yi-88 kPa.Umgangatho wamanzi olinganayo unobude obuyi-10,3 m kumgangatho wolwandle, kwaye udla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-water barometer.Umphakamo yintelekelelo, kuba umphunga wamanzi unokunqanda ukufunyaniswa kwevacuum epheleleyo.I-Mercury iyilwelo oluphezulu kakhulu lwebarometric, kuba inoxinzelelo lomphunga olungenamsebenzi.Kwakhona, ukuxinana kwayo okuphezulu kubangela ikholamu yobude obufanelekileyo-malunga ne-0,75 m kumgangatho wolwandle.
Njengoko uninzi loxinzelelo olufunyenwe kwi-hydraulics lungaphezulu koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kwaye lulinganiswa ngezixhobo ezirekhoda ngokwentelekiso, kufanelekile ukujonga uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric njengedatum, okt zero.Uxinzelelo lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo lwegeyiji xa lungaphezulu koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kunye ne-vacuum xa lungaphantsi kwalo.Ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-zero lokwenyani luthathwa njenge-datum, uxinzelelo kuthiwa luyinto egqibeleleyo.KwiSahluko sesi-5 apho kuxutyushwa khona iNPSH, onke amanani abonakaliswe ngokweengqinisiso zokulinganisa amanzi ngokupheleleyo, iesea level = 0 bar gauge = 1 bar absolute =101 kPa=10,3 m amanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-20-2024